Contraception
How can I protect myself from pregnancy during pregnancy?
There are two types of condoms: female and male, but only male condoms are available in Armenia.
Advantages of Condoms:
Very effective when used correctly.
Protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Do not require medical intervention.
Affordable and accessible.
Easy to use.
Generally, they have no side effects.
Intrauterine Device (IUD):
The IUD is a small plastic device placed in the uterine cavity that prevents pregnancy. It is nearly 99% effective and must be inserted by a doctor.
Advantages:
Highly effective in preventing pregnancy (99%).
It is a one-time intervention and can be used long-term.
No action is required before or during sexual intercourse.
Suitable for breastfeeding women; however, only the copper IUD is recommended during breastfeeding, not the hormonal type.
Fertility is restored immediately after removal.
The IUD is one of the cheapest modern contraceptives when used for more than a year.
Disadvantages:
Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Insertion must be done by a specialist (gynecologist).
The copper IUD may cause heavy and painful menstrual bleeding.
In rare cases, the IUD can grow into the wall of the uterus.
Birth Control Pills:
Birth control pills contain small amounts of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that prevent egg maturation, making pregnancy impossible.
Most women can use birth control pills safely, but it is essential to consult a doctor before starting to assess your health. Women should avoid hormonal contraceptives if they have high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems, varicose veins, migraines, HIV, breast cancer, a high cancer risk, or if they are over 35 years old and smoke.
Advantages:
Very effective (92-99%).
Can relieve menstrual pain.
May reduce facial skin rashes.
Reduces menstrual bleeding.
Lowers the risk of ovarian and uterine cancer.
Reduces the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Does not affect fertility; a woman can become pregnant soon after stopping the pill.
Disadvantages:
May cause nausea, vomiting, headaches, slight weight gain, and breast tenderness in the first months of use.
Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
May cause cardiovascular issues and increase blood clotting risk.
Can cause mood swings.
Requires taking one pill daily, with the risk of forgetting to take it.